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-/*
- * bt_matchfinder.h - Lempel-Ziv matchfinding with a hash table of binary trees
- *
- * Originally public domain; changes after 2016-09-07 are copyrighted.
- *
- * Copyright 2016 Eric Biggers
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
- * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
- * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
- * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
- * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
- * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
- * conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
- * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
- * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
- * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
- * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
- * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
- * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
- * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
- * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * This is a Binary Trees (bt) based matchfinder.
- *
- * The main data structure is a hash table where each hash bucket contains a
- * binary tree of sequences whose first 4 bytes share the same hash code. Each
- * sequence is identified by its starting position in the input buffer. Each
- * binary tree is always sorted such that each left child represents a sequence
- * lexicographically lesser than its parent and each right child represents a
- * sequence lexicographically greater than its parent.
- *
- * The algorithm processes the input buffer sequentially. At each byte
- * position, the hash code of the first 4 bytes of the sequence beginning at
- * that position (the sequence being matched against) is computed. This
- * identifies the hash bucket to use for that position. Then, a new binary tree
- * node is created to represent the current sequence. Then, in a single tree
- * traversal, the hash bucket's binary tree is searched for matches and is
- * re-rooted at the new node.
- *
- * Compared to the simpler algorithm that uses linked lists instead of binary
- * trees (see hc_matchfinder.h), the binary tree version gains more information
- * at each node visitation. Ideally, the binary tree version will examine only
- * 'log(n)' nodes to find the same matches that the linked list version will
- * find by examining 'n' nodes. In addition, the binary tree version can
- * examine fewer bytes at each node by taking advantage of the common prefixes
- * that result from the sort order, whereas the linked list version may have to
- * examine up to the full length of the match at each node.
- *
- * However, it is not always best to use the binary tree version. It requires
- * nearly twice as much memory as the linked list version, and it takes time to
- * keep the binary trees sorted, even at positions where the compressor does not
- * need matches. Generally, when doing fast compression on small buffers,
- * binary trees are the wrong approach. They are best suited for thorough
- * compression and/or large buffers.
- *
- * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-
-#ifndef LIB_BT_MATCHFINDER_H
-#define LIB_BT_MATCHFINDER_H
-
-#include "matchfinder_common.h"
-
-#define BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_ORDER 16
-#define BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS 2
-#define BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH4_ORDER 16
-
-#define BT_MATCHFINDER_TOTAL_HASH_SIZE \
- (((1UL << BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_ORDER) * BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS + \
- (1UL << BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH4_ORDER)) * sizeof(mf_pos_t))
-
-/* Representation of a match found by the bt_matchfinder */
-struct lz_match {
-
- /* The number of bytes matched. */
- u16 length;
-
- /* The offset back from the current position that was matched. */
- u16 offset;
-};
-
-struct bt_matchfinder {
-
- /* The hash table for finding length 3 matches */
- mf_pos_t hash3_tab[1UL << BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_ORDER][BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS];
-
- /* The hash table which contains the roots of the binary trees for
- * finding length 4+ matches */
- mf_pos_t hash4_tab[1UL << BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH4_ORDER];
-
- /* The child node references for the binary trees. The left and right
- * children of the node for the sequence with position 'pos' are
- * 'child_tab[pos * 2]' and 'child_tab[pos * 2 + 1]', respectively. */
- mf_pos_t child_tab[2UL * MATCHFINDER_WINDOW_SIZE];
-
-}
-#ifdef _aligned_attribute
-_aligned_attribute(MATCHFINDER_MEM_ALIGNMENT)
-#endif
-;
-
-/* Prepare the matchfinder for a new input buffer. */
-static forceinline void
-bt_matchfinder_init(struct bt_matchfinder *mf)
-{
- STATIC_ASSERT(BT_MATCHFINDER_TOTAL_HASH_SIZE %
- MATCHFINDER_SIZE_ALIGNMENT == 0);
-
- matchfinder_init((mf_pos_t *)mf, BT_MATCHFINDER_TOTAL_HASH_SIZE);
-}
-
-static forceinline void
-bt_matchfinder_slide_window(struct bt_matchfinder *mf)
-{
- STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(*mf) % MATCHFINDER_SIZE_ALIGNMENT == 0);
-
- matchfinder_rebase((mf_pos_t *)mf, sizeof(*mf));
-}
-
-static forceinline mf_pos_t *
-bt_left_child(struct bt_matchfinder *mf, s32 node)
-{
- return &mf->child_tab[2 * (node & (MATCHFINDER_WINDOW_SIZE - 1)) + 0];
-}
-
-static forceinline mf_pos_t *
-bt_right_child(struct bt_matchfinder *mf, s32 node)
-{
- return &mf->child_tab[2 * (node & (MATCHFINDER_WINDOW_SIZE - 1)) + 1];
-}
-
-/* The minimum permissible value of 'max_len' for bt_matchfinder_get_matches()
- * and bt_matchfinder_skip_position(). There must be sufficiently many bytes
- * remaining to load a 32-bit integer from the *next* position. */
-#define BT_MATCHFINDER_REQUIRED_NBYTES 5
-
-/* Advance the binary tree matchfinder by one byte, optionally recording
- * matches. @record_matches should be a compile-time constant. */
-static forceinline struct lz_match *
-bt_matchfinder_advance_one_byte(struct bt_matchfinder * const restrict mf,
- const u8 * const restrict in_base,
- const ptrdiff_t cur_pos,
- const u32 max_len,
- const u32 nice_len,
- const u32 max_search_depth,
- u32 * const restrict next_hashes,
- u32 * const restrict best_len_ret,
- struct lz_match * restrict lz_matchptr,
- const bool record_matches)
-{
- const u8 *in_next = in_base + cur_pos;
- u32 depth_remaining = max_search_depth;
- const s32 cutoff = cur_pos - MATCHFINDER_WINDOW_SIZE;
- u32 next_hashseq;
- u32 hash3;
- u32 hash4;
- s32 cur_node;
-#if BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS >= 2
- s32 cur_node_2;
-#endif
- const u8 *matchptr;
- mf_pos_t *pending_lt_ptr, *pending_gt_ptr;
- u32 best_lt_len, best_gt_len;
- u32 len;
- u32 best_len = 3;
-
- STATIC_ASSERT(BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS >= 1 &&
- BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS <= 2);
-
- next_hashseq = get_unaligned_le32(in_next + 1);
-
- hash3 = next_hashes[0];
- hash4 = next_hashes[1];
-
- next_hashes[0] = lz_hash(next_hashseq & 0xFFFFFF, BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_ORDER);
- next_hashes[1] = lz_hash(next_hashseq, BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH4_ORDER);
- prefetchw(&mf->hash3_tab[next_hashes[0]]);
- prefetchw(&mf->hash4_tab[next_hashes[1]]);
-
- cur_node = mf->hash3_tab[hash3][0];
- mf->hash3_tab[hash3][0] = cur_pos;
-#if BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS >= 2
- cur_node_2 = mf->hash3_tab[hash3][1];
- mf->hash3_tab[hash3][1] = cur_node;
-#endif
- if (record_matches && cur_node > cutoff) {
- u32 seq3 = load_u24_unaligned(in_next);
- if (seq3 == load_u24_unaligned(&in_base[cur_node])) {
- lz_matchptr->length = 3;
- lz_matchptr->offset = in_next - &in_base[cur_node];
- lz_matchptr++;
- }
- #if BT_MATCHFINDER_HASH3_WAYS >= 2
- else if (cur_node_2 > cutoff &&
- seq3 == load_u24_unaligned(&in_base[cur_node_2]))
- {
- lz_matchptr->length = 3;
- lz_matchptr->offset = in_next - &in_base[cur_node_2];
- lz_matchptr++;
- }
- #endif
- }
-
- cur_node = mf->hash4_tab[hash4];
- mf->hash4_tab[hash4] = cur_pos;
-
- pending_lt_ptr = bt_left_child(mf, cur_pos);
- pending_gt_ptr = bt_right_child(mf, cur_pos);
-
- if (cur_node <= cutoff) {
- *pending_lt_ptr = MATCHFINDER_INITVAL;
- *pending_gt_ptr = MATCHFINDER_INITVAL;
- *best_len_ret = best_len;
- return lz_matchptr;
- }
-
- best_lt_len = 0;
- best_gt_len = 0;
- len = 0;
-
- for (;;) {
- matchptr = &in_base[cur_node];
-
- if (matchptr[len] == in_next[len]) {
- len = lz_extend(in_next, matchptr, len + 1, max_len);
- if (!record_matches || len > best_len) {
- if (record_matches) {
- best_len = len;
- lz_matchptr->length = len;
- lz_matchptr->offset = in_next - matchptr;
- lz_matchptr++;
- }
- if (len >= nice_len) {
- *pending_lt_ptr = *bt_left_child(mf, cur_node);
- *pending_gt_ptr = *bt_right_child(mf, cur_node);
- *best_len_ret = best_len;
- return lz_matchptr;
- }
- }
- }
-
- if (matchptr[len] < in_next[len]) {
- *pending_lt_ptr = cur_node;
- pending_lt_ptr = bt_right_child(mf, cur_node);
- cur_node = *pending_lt_ptr;
- best_lt_len = len;
- if (best_gt_len < len)
- len = best_gt_len;
- } else {
- *pending_gt_ptr = cur_node;
- pending_gt_ptr = bt_left_child(mf, cur_node);
- cur_node = *pending_gt_ptr;
- best_gt_len = len;
- if (best_lt_len < len)
- len = best_lt_len;
- }
-
- if (cur_node <= cutoff || !--depth_remaining) {
- *pending_lt_ptr = MATCHFINDER_INITVAL;
- *pending_gt_ptr = MATCHFINDER_INITVAL;
- *best_len_ret = best_len;
- return lz_matchptr;
- }
- }
-}
-
-/*
- * Retrieve a list of matches with the current position.
- *
- * @mf
- * The matchfinder structure.
- * @in_base
- * Pointer to the next byte in the input buffer to process _at the last
- * time bt_matchfinder_init() or bt_matchfinder_slide_window() was called_.
- * @cur_pos
- * The current position in the input buffer relative to @in_base (the
- * position of the sequence being matched against).
- * @max_len
- * The maximum permissible match length at this position. Must be >=
- * BT_MATCHFINDER_REQUIRED_NBYTES.
- * @nice_len
- * Stop searching if a match of at least this length is found.
- * Must be <= @max_len.
- * @max_search_depth
- * Limit on the number of potential matches to consider. Must be >= 1.
- * @next_hashes
- * The precomputed hash codes for the sequence beginning at @in_next.
- * These will be used and then updated with the precomputed hashcodes for
- * the sequence beginning at @in_next + 1.
- * @best_len_ret
- * If a match of length >= 4 was found, then the length of the longest such
- * match is written here; otherwise 3 is written here. (Note: this is
- * redundant with the 'struct lz_match' array, but this is easier for the
- * compiler to optimize when inlined and the caller immediately does a
- * check against 'best_len'.)
- * @lz_matchptr
- * An array in which this function will record the matches. The recorded
- * matches will be sorted by strictly increasing length and (non-strictly)
- * increasing offset. The maximum number of matches that may be found is
- * 'nice_len - 2'.
- *
- * The return value is a pointer to the next available slot in the @lz_matchptr
- * array. (If no matches were found, this will be the same as @lz_matchptr.)
- */
-static forceinline struct lz_match *
-bt_matchfinder_get_matches(struct bt_matchfinder *mf,
- const u8 *in_base,
- ptrdiff_t cur_pos,
- u32 max_len,
- u32 nice_len,
- u32 max_search_depth,
- u32 next_hashes[2],
- u32 *best_len_ret,
- struct lz_match *lz_matchptr)
-{
- return bt_matchfinder_advance_one_byte(mf,
- in_base,
- cur_pos,
- max_len,
- nice_len,
- max_search_depth,
- next_hashes,
- best_len_ret,
- lz_matchptr,
- true);
-}
-
-/*
- * Advance the matchfinder, but don't record any matches.
- *
- * This is very similar to bt_matchfinder_get_matches() because both functions
- * must do hashing and tree re-rooting.
- */
-static forceinline void
-bt_matchfinder_skip_position(struct bt_matchfinder *mf,
- const u8 *in_base,
- ptrdiff_t cur_pos,
- u32 nice_len,
- u32 max_search_depth,
- u32 next_hashes[2])
-{
- u32 best_len;
- bt_matchfinder_advance_one_byte(mf,
- in_base,
- cur_pos,
- nice_len,
- nice_len,
- max_search_depth,
- next_hashes,
- &best_len,
- NULL,
- false);
-}
-
-#endif /* LIB_BT_MATCHFINDER_H */