Auto merge of #12847 - epage:backport, r=weihanglo0.75.0

[beta-1.74.0] Partial-version spec support

Beta backports:
- #12806

In order to make CI pass, the following PRs are also cherry-picked:
- f0d3cdf191d7283464cbfeb40bad947cc8ed477f from #12800

6 files changed, 232 insertions, 24 deletions

diff --git a/src/cargo/core/package_id_spec.rs b/src/cargo/core/package_id_spec.rs
index 37a6f5e7b..53d99b84b 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/package_id_spec.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/package_id_spec.rs
@@ -176,8 +176,7 @@ impl PackageIdSpec {
         }
 
         if let Some(ref v) = self.version {
-            let req = v.exact_req();
-            if !req.matches(package_id.version()) {
+            if !v.matches(package_id.version()) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -444,15 +443,50 @@ mod tests {
     fn matching() {
         let url = Url::parse("https://example.com").unwrap();
         let sid = SourceId::for_registry(&url).unwrap();
-        let foo = PackageId::new("foo", "1.2.3", sid).unwrap();
-        let bar = PackageId::new("bar", "1.2.3", sid).unwrap();
 
+        let foo = PackageId::new("foo", "1.2.3", sid).unwrap();
         assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("foo").unwrap().matches(foo));
-        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("foo").unwrap().matches(bar));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("bar").unwrap().matches(foo));
         assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("foo:1.2.3").unwrap().matches(foo));
         assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("foo:1.2.2").unwrap().matches(foo));
         assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("foo@1.2.3").unwrap().matches(foo));
         assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("foo@1.2.2").unwrap().matches(foo));
         assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("foo@1.2").unwrap().matches(foo));
+
+        let meta = PackageId::new("meta", "1.2.3+hello", sid).unwrap();
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("meta").unwrap().matches(meta));
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("meta@1").unwrap().matches(meta));
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("meta@1.2").unwrap().matches(meta));
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("meta@1.2.3").unwrap().matches(meta));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("meta@1.2.3-alpha.0")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(meta));
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("meta@1.2.3+hello")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(meta));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("meta@1.2.3+bye")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(meta));
+
+        let pre = PackageId::new("pre", "1.2.3-alpha.0", sid).unwrap();
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("pre").unwrap().matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1").unwrap().matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2").unwrap().matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2.3").unwrap().matches(pre));
+        assert!(PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2.3-alpha.0")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2.3-alpha.1")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2.3-beta.0")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2.3+hello")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(pre));
+        assert!(!PackageIdSpec::parse("pre@1.2.3-alpha.0+hello")
+            .unwrap()
+            .matches(pre));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/resolver/dep_cache.rs b/src/cargo/core/resolver/dep_cache.rs
index 7b6e0661f..9041c5b0f 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/resolver/dep_cache.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/resolver/dep_cache.rs
@@ -173,11 +173,20 @@ impl<'a> RegistryQueryer<'a> {
                 )));
             }
 
-            // The dependency should be hard-coded to have the same name and an
-            // exact version requirement, so both of these assertions should
-            // never fail.
-            assert_eq!(s.version(), summary.version());
-            assert_eq!(s.name(), summary.name());
+            assert_eq!(
+                s.name(),
+                summary.name(),
+                "dependency should be hard coded to have the same name"
+            );
+            if s.version() != summary.version() {
+                return Poll::Ready(Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                    "replacement specification `{}` matched {} and tried to override it with {}\n\
+                     avoid matching unrelated packages by being more specific",
+                    spec,
+                    summary.version(),
+                    s.version(),
+                )));
+            }
 
             let replace = if s.source_id() == summary.source_id() {
                 debug!("Preventing\n{:?}\nfrom replacing\n{:?}", summary, s);
diff --git a/src/cargo/util/semver_ext.rs b/src/cargo/util/semver_ext.rs
index bee3b2da3..5839d85d2 100644
--- a/src/cargo/util/semver_ext.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/util/semver_ext.rs
@@ -186,16 +186,25 @@ impl PartialVersion {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn exact_req(&self) -> VersionReq {
-        VersionReq {
-            comparators: vec![Comparator {
-                op: semver::Op::Exact,
-                major: self.major,
-                minor: self.minor,
-                patch: self.patch,
-                pre: self.pre.as_ref().cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
-            }],
+    /// Check if this matches a version, including build metadata
+    ///
+    /// Build metadata does not affect version precedence but may be necessary for uniquely
+    /// identifying a package.
+    pub fn matches(&self, version: &Version) -> bool {
+        if !version.pre.is_empty() && self.pre.is_none() {
+            // Pre-release versions must be explicitly opted into, if for no other reason than to
+            // give us room to figure out and define the semantics
+            return false;
         }
+        self.major == version.major
+            && self.minor.map(|f| f == version.minor).unwrap_or(true)
+            && self.patch.map(|f| f == version.patch).unwrap_or(true)
+            && self.pre.as_ref().map(|f| f == &version.pre).unwrap_or(true)
+            && self
+                .build
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|f| f == &version.build)
+                .unwrap_or(true)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/doc.rs b/tests/testsuite/doc.rs
index 481df8590..a16980912 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/doc.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/doc.rs
@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ fn crate_versions() {
     let output_path = p.root().join("target/doc/foo/index.html");
     let output_documentation = fs::read_to_string(&output_path).unwrap();
 
-    assert!(output_documentation.contains("Version 1.2.4"));
+    assert!(output_documentation.contains("1.2.4"));
 }
 
 #[cargo_test]
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ fn crate_versions_flag_is_overridden() {
     };
     let asserts = |html: String| {
         assert!(!html.contains("1.2.4"));
-        assert!(html.contains("Version 2.0.3"));
+        assert!(html.contains("2.0.3"));
     };
 
     p.cargo("doc")
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/replace.rs b/tests/testsuite/replace.rs
index b583de7b7..b9de51d2f 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/replace.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/replace.rs
@@ -1298,3 +1298,157 @@ fn override_plus_dep() {
         .with_stderr_contains("error: cyclic package dependency: [..]")
         .run();
 }
+
+#[cargo_test]
+fn override_generic_matching_other_versions() {
+    Package::new("bar", "0.1.0+a").publish();
+
+    let bar = git::repo(&paths::root().join("override"))
+        .file("Cargo.toml", &basic_manifest("bar", "0.1.0"))
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub fn bar() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            &format!(
+                r#"
+                    [package]
+                    name = "foo"
+                    version = "0.0.1"
+                    authors = []
+
+                    [dependencies]
+                    bar = "0.1.0"
+
+                    [replace]
+                    "bar:0.1.0" = {{ git = '{}' }}
+                "#,
+                bar.url()
+            ),
+        )
+        .file(
+            "src/lib.rs",
+            "extern crate bar; pub fn foo() { bar::bar(); }",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check")
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `dummy-registry` index
+[UPDATING] git repository `[..]`
+[ERROR] failed to get `bar` as a dependency of package `foo v0.0.1 ([..]/foo)`
+
+Caused by:
+  replacement specification `https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#bar@0.1.0` matched 0.1.0+a and tried to override it with 0.1.0
+  avoid matching unrelated packages by being more specific
+",
+        )
+        .with_status(101)
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test]
+fn override_respects_spec_metadata() {
+    Package::new("bar", "0.1.0+a").publish();
+
+    let bar = git::repo(&paths::root().join("override"))
+        .file("Cargo.toml", &basic_manifest("bar", "0.1.0+a"))
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub fn bar() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            &format!(
+                r#"
+                    [package]
+                    name = "foo"
+                    version = "0.0.1"
+                    authors = []
+
+                    [dependencies]
+                    bar = "0.1.0"
+
+                    [replace]
+                    "bar:0.1.0+notTheBuild" = {{ git = '{}' }}
+                "#,
+                bar.url()
+            ),
+        )
+        .file(
+            "src/lib.rs",
+            "extern crate bar; pub fn foo() { bar::bar(); }",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check")
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `dummy-registry` index
+[WARNING] package replacement is not used: https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#bar@0.1.0+notTheBuild
+[DOWNLOADING] crates ...
+[DOWNLOADED] bar v0.1.0+a (registry `dummy-registry`)
+[CHECKING] bar v0.1.0+a
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([..]/foo)
+[..]
+[..]
+[..]
+[..]
+[..]
+[..]
+[..]
+error: could not compile `foo` (lib) due to previous error
+",
+        )
+        .with_status(101)
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test]
+fn override_spec_metadata_is_optional() {
+    Package::new("bar", "0.1.0+a").publish();
+
+    let bar = git::repo(&paths::root().join("override"))
+        .file("Cargo.toml", &basic_manifest("bar", "0.1.0+a"))
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub fn bar() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            &format!(
+                r#"
+                    [package]
+                    name = "foo"
+                    version = "0.0.1"
+                    authors = []
+
+                    [dependencies]
+                    bar = "0.1.0"
+
+                    [replace]
+                    "bar:0.1.0" = {{ git = '{}' }}
+                "#,
+                bar.url()
+            ),
+        )
+        .file(
+            "src/lib.rs",
+            "extern crate bar; pub fn foo() { bar::bar(); }",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check")
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `dummy-registry` index
+[UPDATING] git repository `[..]`
+[CHECKING] bar v0.1.0+a (file://[..])
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
+[FINISHED] dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]
+",
+        )
+        .run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/rustdocflags.rs b/tests/testsuite/rustdocflags.rs
index 6992961ce..c37d5a826 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/rustdocflags.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/rustdocflags.rs
@@ -110,17 +110,19 @@ fn whitespace() {
         .with_status(101)
         .run();
 
-    const SPACED_VERSION: &str = "a\nb\tc\u{00a0}d";
     p.cargo("doc")
         .env_remove("__CARGO_TEST_FORCE_ARGFILE") // Not applicable for argfile.
         .env(
             "RUSTDOCFLAGS",
-            format!("--crate-version {}", SPACED_VERSION),
+            "--crate-version 1111\n2222\t3333\u{00a0}4444",
         )
         .run();
 
     let contents = p.read_file("target/doc/foo/index.html");
-    assert!(contents.contains(SPACED_VERSION));
+    assert!(contents.contains("1111"));
+    assert!(contents.contains("2222"));
+    assert!(contents.contains("3333"));
+    assert!(contents.contains("4444"));
 }
 
 #[cargo_test]